Spatial planning is essential for identifying ecological networks and areas of importance for protected species. In 2008, the Convention on Biological Diversity adopted criteria to identify Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas, leading to over 200 areas being identified globally.
In Australia, Biologically Important Areas (BIAs) for Protected Marine Species are a mapping-based tool developed by the Australian Government Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (DCCEEW) to assist with conservation planning and regulatory decision-making in the marine environment. These areas support protected marine species’ critical life functions.
In 2022, the DCCEEW identified opportunities to strengthen the BIA designation process to include contemporary behavioural data and incorporate Indigenous Ecological Knowledge. In 2023, the Protocol for Designation of Biologically Important Areas for Protected Marine Species was published. The new BIA designation framework utilises four BIA categories; reproduction, feeding, migration and resting, and evidence-based, species-specific thresholds setting appropriate minimum levels of area usage.
The BIA designation process involves input and advice from panels of independent subject matter experts including scientists and Indigenous Ecological Knowledge holders. BIA maps for priority marine species (e.g. cetaceans, marine turtles, sharks, rays, pinnipeds) are based on behavioural and location data and will be published on the Australian Marine Spatial Information System.